Economic Growth and Economic development.

 *Chapter - 6*

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

1. What is economic Growth?

◻️An increase in the production of goods and services in an economy.

◻️ An increase in the total output of a country compared to that of the previous year. 

2. how economic growth takes place.

◻️Increase in industrial production

◻️Increase in agricultural production

◻️Economic growth

Growth in the service

sector.

◻️Increase in purchasing power. 

3. How the progress in the production sector improve the standard of living of the workers?

 Progress in the production sector creates more employment opportunities in a country.

 The income earned by the workers through employment increases their purchasing power.

4. What is economic Growth rate?

 Economic growth rate is the rate of increase in the national income during the current year as compared to the previous year.

5. Write the features of Per capita income?

 How will you calculated?

✍🏻 Simplest and was popularly used in the past.

✍🏻 Conventional index of development.

✍🏻 Calculated by dividing the national income by population.

6. What are the uses of Per capita income?

📚 Increase in per capita income is an index of development.

📚 Helps in assessing the economic growth of a country as compared to the previous year. 

📚 Useful in comparing the economic growth of different countries.

7. Write the limitations of Per capita income.

⛔ Per capita income is an average income, this is merely a numerical calculation.

⛔ It cannot be claimed that improvement in the quality of living has been attained if the rich-poor disparity persists.

⛔ Ignores factors like education, availability of nutritious food and health care facilities that improve the quality of living.

⛔ Does not take into account social welfare and the equitable distribution of income. 

8. Which are the three factors that takes into consider for the calculation of Physical Quality of Life Index?

👉 Life expectancy. 

👉 Infant mortality rate. 

👉 Basic literacy. 

9. How human development has been defined by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)?

"Human development is the expansion process of opportunities that helps the people to improve their human resource".

10. How improved educational facilities leads to economic development. 

Better educational facilities

                        ⬇️

Increase in the number of people receiving education. 

                         ⬇️

Increase in employment opportunities to educated people. 

                          ⬇️

Increase in income and purchasing power. 

                           ⬇️

  Better standard of living. 

11. Human Development Index is prepared on the basis of three main components. Which are 

◽ Per capita income. 

◽ Literacy and gross school enrolment rate. 

◽Life expectancy.

12. Write short note about the Human Poverty Index.

◽Developed by the United Nations Organisation (UNO).

■ First report was published in 1997.

◽Human Poverty Index is calculated on the basis of three components.

They are

👉 *longevity*

👉 *knowledge*

👉 *decent standard of living*

13. Nine indicators are considered for the calculation of Human Happiness Index.

List them.

◽Health.

◽Standard of living.

◽Conservation of nature and biodiversity.

◽Social life and neighbour relations.

◽Good governance.

◽ Cultural diversity.

◽Education.

◽Effective use of time.

◽Mental health.

14. Write the challenges faced by development in India.

👉Poverty

👉 illiteracy

👉 malnutrition

👉economic inequality

👉death by starvation and unemployment.

15. Which are the three types of inequality faced by development in India?

◽Economic inequality.

◽Inequality in income

◽Regional inequality.

16. Explain regional inequality with an example.

■ Majority of the population in metropolitan cities have access to employment, better hospitals, good roads, clean drinking water, transport system, schools, colleges, industries, etc.

■ But certain rural areas in states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Odisha lack these facilities. In those regions, there exist death by starvation, unemployment, lack of good roads and telecommunication.

17. Define sustainable.

Development by the *Brundtland Commissio*  appointed by the United Nations Organisation.

" *Development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own need* ".

18. Sustainable development has three main goals. Which are they?

✅ Environmental goal

✅ Economic goals

✅ Social goals

19. Write any three activities that challenge sustainable development.

👉  Reclamation of paddy fields.

👉 intensive use of pesticides.

👉  Polluting and wasting clean water. 

20. Make your suggestions for economic development that ensure availability of natural resources for

future generations as well?

🧊 Rain water harvesting

Conservation of water resources.

🧊 Use bio fertiliser

Care.

🧊 Ensures social justice while utilising the natural resources.